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Herbert Marsh (10 December 1757– 1 May 1839) was a bishop in the Church of England. ==Life== He was born in Faversham and educated at Faversham Grammar School (now Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Faversham), The King's School, Canterbury and St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated BA as second wrangler and was elected a fellow of St John's in 1779. He studied with J. D. Michaelis in Germany and learned the Higher criticism. When he returned to England, he translated Michaelis's ''Introduction to the New Testament'' and added to it his own hypothesis on the problem of the Synoptic Gospels. Arguing from textual analysis, he advanced a proto-gospel hypothesis, a variant and modification of the contemporary claim by Johann Gottfried Eichhorn. His ''Dissertation'' (1801) deduced that there had been an original Aramaean gospel-narrative which had been translated into Greek, and had been circulated in copies into which additional information was afterwards added or interpolated. St Mark (he claimed) had had access to two such copies containing variant additions (some of which had been interpolated into those texts), and drew upon both copies when compiling his own Gospel. These same two copies each then independently received further additions (from a ''Gnomology'' or Hebrew document of sayings and precepts of Christ), before one of them was employed by St Matthew, and the other by St Luke, when compiling their Gospels. He drew in the claim that St Matthew's Gospel had originally been written in Hebrew, and that when it was afterwards translated into Greek the translator was able to make use of passages for which he found existing Greek versions in St Mark and St Luke. His hypothesis, now itself superseded, in its time offered a challenge to the conventional or received explanations. It brought him under attack from the conservatives of his church, and into a published debate〔'Remarks on "Michaelis's Introduction to the New Testament, Vols III & IV, Translated by the Rev. Herbert Marsh, and Augmented with Notes." - By way of Caution to Students in Divinity' 2nd Edn.,, with a Preface and Notes, in Reply to Mr Marsh (White, Hatchard, Wallis, etc, London 1802); 'Supplement to Remarks on Michaelis's Introduction to The New Testament, &c., in answer to Mr Marsh's Illustration of his Hypothesis' (White, Payne & Mackinlay, and Hatchard, London 1804).〕 with John Randolph, then Bishop of Oxford and Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Oxford.〔For the identity of Marsh's principal antagonist, see W.T. Lowndes, ''British Librarian: To the Formation of a Library in All Branches of Literature, Science and Art'' (Whittaker & Co., London 1839), Vol. 1 (Class I: Religion and its History), pp. 68-69.〕 In 1805 he began to preach against Calvinism, and in particular against the doctrines of justification by faith and the inamissability of grace, which brought him into conflict with the Evangelicals. He was elected the Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at Cambridge in 1807 and began presenting lectures on Higher Criticism. He was the first person in the theological school there to give his lectures in English rather than the traditional Latin.〔Stephen Neill - The Interpretation of the New Testament, p. 5〕 In 1816 he was appointed the bishop of Llandaff and was translated to bishopric of Peterborough in 1819. As a bishop, Marsh was controversial for preaching against the Evangelicals and for refusing to license clergy with Calvinist beliefs (for which he incurred the ire of Sidney Smith). He was a rigorous proponent of strict ecclesiastical conformity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herbert Marsh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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